Independent Studies

These independent study courses offer lectures on CD by outstanding biblical scholars. They are available only as electives or prerequisites for degree-seeking Talbot students. Students who experience unresolvable scheduling problems previous to graduation may use them to meet their requirements. They may not normally be used in lieu of required courses. The use of ITS courses is limited as follows:

• Master of Divinity
  6 units: elective units or unresolvable scheduling problem
• Master of Arts
  4 units: elective units or unresolvable scheduling problem
• Master of Arts reduced (any Master of Arts reduced program)
  2 units: elective units or unresolvable scheduling problem

Courses include a printed syllabus which provides a broad outline of the lectures, review questions and a bibliography. Requirements for credit include textbook assignments, collateral reading, research papers and examinations, all of which are outlined in a programmed syllabus.

Regular tuition fees are charged for each course regardless of the number of units for which a student is already enrolled and include costs of tapes and programmed syllabus. Tapes must be ordered through the Dean of Faculty Office.

Students who desire graduate credit for ITS courses must meet the normal requirements for admission to Talbot and register for the courses through the Admissions and Registrar’s Offices.

Further details may be obtained from the Dean of Faculty Office.

Old Testament Studies

Courses listed under this heading which have exegetical content (and thus language prerequisites) are specifically identified; other courses are expositional in nature and content.

TTTS 501 - The Pentateuch (2)

R. Laird Harris, Ph.D.

A critical introduction to the first five books of the Bible. Examination of such subjects as the problems of Genesis 1-11, Higher Criticism of the Pentateuch, chronological issues, and the archaeological and cultural background of the Pentateuch.

TTTS 505 - The Book of Psalms (2)

Bruce K. Waltke, Th.D., Ph.D.

An introduction to the book of Psalms with emphasis on the principles involved in the exegesis of hymnic literature as well as application of these principles to selected portions.

TTTS 506 - Understanding the Old Testament (3)

Bruce K. Waltke, Th.D., Ph.D.

A survey of the history of salvation in the Old Testament especially as it relates to the universal of Old Testament theology, i.e. the rule of God or the establishment of God's kingdom upon the earth. A working knowledge of Hebrew considered to be helpful but not required for this course.

TTTS 507 - The Book of Proverbs (4)

Bruce K. Waltke, Th.D., Ph.D.

An exegetical study of the Book of Proverbs in both its cultural and historical setting and its literary setting with attention to its critical and hermeneutical problems. To get the full benefit out of the course, a knowledge of Hebrew is required for seminary credit.

TTTS 509 - The Christian and Old Testament Theology (3)

Walter C. Kaiser, Jr., Ph.D.

A biblical and theological study of the foundational theology applied by the Old Testament for the New Testament and the Christian Church. This study identifies and inductively derives the center or focal point for the theology of both the Old and New Testaments. It also deals with the amount of continuity and discontinuity between the Old and New Testaments. Included are the topics of saving faith, the people of God, the role of the law of God, the worship of God, the doctrine of atonement, relationship between the law and wisdom theology, kingdom of God, the Messiah, the inclusion of the Gentiles, the theology of the Holy Spirit and the preparation of the new covenant.

TTTS511 - The Book of Isaiah (3)

Allen P. Ross, Ph.D.

Few Old Testament books are as theologically rich and literarily compelling as Isaiah. Learners discover those dynamics as they complete an exegetical study of the Book of Isaiah. In addition to surveying the contents of the book, the course develops the understanding and skills of exegetical exposition. In the process, students examine key chapters in Isaiah, such as the Promise of Immanuel (7), the Message of Hope (40), and the "Suffering Servant" (53). The course demonstrates how the theology of the Messiah is integral to successful Christian life and ministry.

New Testament Studies

TTTS 518 - The Gospel of Luke (3)

Darrell L. Bock, Ph.D.

An examination of the Gospel of Luke with concentration on its message and preparation of narrative material for preaching and teaching.

TTTS 519 - New Testament Survey: Epistles / Revelation (3)

Craig L. Blomberg, Ph.D.

This course surveys the New Testament epistles and the Apocalypse, dealing with both introductory issues as well as basic content of each book. The student will do an inductive study of a selected passage, according to the accompanying Inductive Bible Study syllabus.

TTTS 520 - The Sermon on the Mount (2)

John R. Stott, M.A., D.D.

The course, originally presented at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, is a consecutive exposition of Jesus' Sermon on the Mount in Matthew 5-7. The emphasis is upon the distinctive character that is expected of the Christian and upon the authority of the Lord Jesus Christ. For the student desiring seminary credit, a programmed syllabus requires an expository and ready study with emphasis on the practical and spiritual application of the Sermon on the Mount and upon the theological issues and historical interpretations of that passage.

TTTS 521 - New Testament Survey: Gospels / Life of Christ (3)

Terry C. Hurlbert, Th.D.

A chronological synthetic study of the four gospel records, emphasizing the time, place, circumstances and persons involved in the events of our Lord's ministry, with a view to a fuller understanding of the significance of His words and works.

TTTS 522 - The Parables of Jesus (2)

Craig L. Blomberg, Ph.D.

Methods of interpreting Jesus' parables are surveyed and then an eclectic model drawing on the best insights of each is applied to each of the major narrative parables in the gospels. Conclusions are drawn concerning the theology and significance of this portion of Jesus' teaching.

TTTS 523 - The Acts of the Apostles (3)

Darrell L. Bock, Ph.D.

An exegetical examination of the Acts of the Apostles with concentration on the biblical theology of the Book of Acts, the historical background of events, and the theological emphasis of the speeches. Special attention is given to the relationship between the Church and Israel in the early church era. This course assumes a basic skill in Greek exegesis. The ability to make grammatical evaluations and to do Greek word studies is recommended.

TTTS 524 - The Epistle to the Romans (3)

Harold W. Hoehner, Th.D., Ph.D.

An exegetical-theological study of Paul's epistle to the Romans in the Greek text. It involves the treatment of selected historical, grammatical, structural, and lexical data which evaluate the meaning of this important New Testament document. Special emphasis is given to the theological themes and over-all argument of the Epistle. This course assumes a basic skill in Greek exegesis and the ability to make grammatical and textual critical evaluations and to do Greek word studies.

TTTS 527 - The Pastoral Epistles (3)

John R. Stott, M.A., D.D.

An exposition of I and II Timothy and Titus. Emphasis on the authority of Paul and his message and the need to guard that message, as well as the responsibilities of the local church and its leaders.

Pastoral Theology

TTS544 - Adult Ministries in the Church - (2)

Kenneth O. Gangel, Ph.D

How do adults learn? What are the most successful ways to teach them? This course presents principles of adult education and their application to various adult age levels within the church. Learners explore theories in young, middle, and older adult education, and examine successful ministries to singles, single parents, and families. The course promotes Knowles' andragogical model of adult education, emphasizing such important subjects as how adults learn, how to structure the classroom, and how to facilitate learning.

TTTS547 - The Role of Women in the Ministry (3)

Lucy Mabery-Foster, Ph.D.

Often overlooked or misunderstood are the vital roles of women in the home, society, and the church. Learners will study ministry to and by women, including biblical foundations for women and principles for evangelizing, discipling, and counseling women. Lectures focus on the history of women's ministries in the church, the role of women's ministries in the New Testament, and the contemporary cultural context for women's ministries. In addition, students will learn how to minister to the needs of specific women's groups, such as singles, homemakers, those in the workplace, and those who are hurting.

TTTS 550 - Church Leadership and Administration (2)

Kenneth O. Gangel, Ph.D.

A course designed to develop leadership potential in students and to give them a familiarity with the various elements of the administrative process, including: goal setting and achieving, organization, delegation, human relations, group dynamics, supervision and the training of other leaders. Though the principles are universal, in the focus of the course is the Christian organization, particularly the local church.

TTTS 551 - Spiritual Formation (3)

John R. Lillis, Ph.D.

An investigation into the meaning of biblical Christianity and its relationship to faith and practice.

TTTS552 - Advanced Leadership and Administration (2)

Kenneth O. Gangel, Ph.D.

A church leader wears many hats. In this course learners discover how to maximize productivity in the various functions of church leadership. The course examines the biblical foundation and practical functions of administrative leadership in churches and Christian organizations, and focuses on developing successful, biblical attitudes and skills among team leaders. Students will analyze basic leadership principles from secular and evangelical sources, analyzing them through a biblical/theological grid. (This advanced course is built on ITS course CE501 Church Leadership and Administration.)

TTTS 555 - Interpersonal Communication & Conflict Management (2)

Kenneth O. Gangel, Ph.D.
Samuel D. Canine, Ph.D.

An examination of the process of interpersonal communication and conflict management in human relationships within Christian organizations, with attention given to communication models, self-concept, non-verbal messages, stress and other strategies that will assist the Christian leader in developing interpersonal communication skills and the productive use of conflict.

Theology and Church History

TTTS563 - Augustine & Medieval Theology (3)

Scott T. Carroll, Ph.D.

He is the most influential theologian in church history. His teachings have shaped the understanding of Aquinas, Luther, Calvin, and Barth. In this course, learners study a comprehensive introduction to St. Augustine: his life, his works, and his legacy in the medieval church. The course details his youth, conversion, literary works, and his important battles against the day's emerging heresies. Surveying Augustine's life as a pastor, teacher, and writer, students are encouraged to evaluate his contribution to the development of medieval theology and to apply those contributions to their own lives and ministries.

TTTS564 - A History of the Charismatic Movements (3)

John D. Hannah, Th.D., Ph.D.

Charismatic theology is more than just a theology of spiritual gifts; worship, Bibliology, sanctification, and ecclesiology are also central. Learners will complete an historical and theological study of the origins and developments of Classical Pentecostalism, Charismatic Renewalism, and Restoration Movements, with emphasis given to theological backgrounds and trends. Lectures also analyze other related movements, including the "Jesus Only" Movement, the Vineyard Movement, and the Toronto Revival Movement. Throughout the course, the pros and cons of the various charismatic movements are presented so that students can make informed decisions on what a "victorious Christian life" entails.

TTTS 566 - The Doctrine of Man and Sin (3)

Roger R. Nicole, Th.D., Ph.D.

The Reformed Doctrine concerning the origin of humanity and the influx of sin into the world is explained. The course addresses the issues raised by the theory of evolution as it relates to the creation of humanity. It explains the effects of the Fall in the Garden on our current condition. In addition, detail is given to the promise of the restoration of our original image in the likeness of Christ.

TTTS 567 - The Doctrine of Salvation (3)

Roger R. Nicole, Th.D., Ph.D.

The plan and order of salvation outlining the process from regeneration to glorification are discussed. Special attention is given to differing views and objections to the Reformed doctrine on this subject, and evidence for both sides is carefully weighed. Specific topics include the question of the attainment of perfection in this life, the relationship of baptism to salvation, the Roman Catholic concept of justification, and the reasons for believing in the perseverance of the saints.

TTTS 568 - The Doctrine of the Trinity (3)

Peter Toon, D. Phil. (Oxon)

The doctrine of the Trinity is presented from biblical, historical, dogmatic and contemporary perspectives. Special attention is paid to the formulation of the classic and orthodox doctrine of the Trinity in the fourth century at the Councils of Nicea (325) and Constantinople (381). The manner in which the doctrine developed in the East and West is also noted. Further, the commitment of the Church to the ontological Trinity (God-as-God-is-in-Himself) as well as to the economical Trinity (God-as-God-is-toward-us / the world) is explained and commended. Finally, a survey of recent attempts to present a modern doctrine of the Trinity (e.g., by Barth, Rahner, Moltmann, Pannenberg and the feminist Catherine Mowry Lucgna) is provided.

TTTS 570 - Survey of Church History (3)

Garth M. Rosell, Ph.D.

The course is designed to provide the student with a basic introduction to the development of the Christian Church from its founding at Pentecost to the present day.

TTTS 571 - The Ancient Church (3)

Richard C. Gamble, Th.D.

From the close of the New Testament in 95 A.D. to approximately 600 A.D.; the church and the Roman Empire; ecclesiastical organization; development of theology and dogma; Christian life and worship.

TTTS 572 - The History of the Church to the Reformation (3)

Garth M. Rosell, Ph.D

The course is designed to provide the student with a basic introduction to the development of the Christian Church's doctrine, faith and practice from its founding at Pentecost to the time of the Protestant Reformation.

TTTS 573 - Reformation Church History (3)

W. Robert Godfrey, Ph.D.

A study of the development of the theology, the piety and the churches of the Reformation against the backdrop of the social, political and intellectual character of the 16th century.

TTTS 574 - The History of the Church Since the Reformation (3)

Garth M. Rosell, Ph.D.

The course is designed to provide the student with a basic introduction to the development of the Christian Church since the time of the Protestant Reformation to the present day.

TTTS 575 - The History of Christianity in America (3)

John D. Hannah, Th.D., Ph.D.

A study of the Protestant churches in America from colonial beginnings to the present with emphasis on the numerous influences that have forged the current religious scene.

TTTS 576 - The Theology of Jonathan Edwards (3)

John H. Gerstner, Ph,.D.

An examination of the theology of Jonathan Edwards in detail. Taking a topical approach, the course covers Edwards' teachings regarding all the major points of systematic theology with particular emphasis on Edward's unique theological contributions.

TTTS 577 - The Theology of Martin Luther (3)

Robert Kolb, Ph.D.

The Theology of Martin Luther reviews the presentation of biblical doctrine according to topics in historical context. The presuppositions of his theology are set forth in his distinction of the two kinds of righteousness and the theology of the cross. Against this background Luther's treatment of central Christian doctrines, particularly justification in the faith and the means of grace, are explored. Significant treatment is given to his understanding of life in human culture and society.

TTTS 579 - Contemporary Theology (3)

John S. Feinberg, Ph.D.

In this course we shall attempt to examine some of the major trends in contemporary thought. In order to set the background for contemporary theological and philosophical discourse, we begin with a brief philosophical overview of the major developments in Western philosophy prior to Hegel. Discussion then turns directly to Hegel whose influence extends throughout the modern period. Kierkegaard represents not only a reaction to Hegel, but is also the first of the existentialist-oriented theologians we consider. After Kierkegaard, the course turns to Barth, Bultmann and Tillich. Parallel to these developments in theology was the development of analytic philosophy. Our emphasis will be philosophy of the earlier and later Wittgenstein. The course culminates in the God is Dead Theologies of Paul Van Buren and Thomas Altizer.

Missions Studies

TTTS 581 - Introduction to World Christian Missions (2)

William D. Taylor, Ph.D.

An introductory survey of the theology, history, culture, politics, and methods of the Christian mission, with special emphasis on recent developments, crucial issues and future trends, ending with a study of missions in the local church.

TTTS 582 - The History of Missions (3)

J. Herbert Kane, L.H.D.

This course traces the historic development of the Christian mission in chronological sequence from Pentecost to William Carey (1793). The modern period is developed along geographical lines: Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Latin America and Europe. The course closes with an attempt to evaluate the achievements of the past and the prospects of the future.

TTTS 583 - Urban Mission and Ministry (2)

Roger S. Greenway, Th.D.

A course that focuses on Christian missions and ministry in the world's growing cities. The biblical basis for urban ministry is presented and case studies of effective urban strategies worldwide are examined. Attention is give to urban issues such as ministry to the poor and homeless, pastoring and raising a family in the city, and planting urban churches.

TTTS 584 - Missionary Encounter with World Religions (3)

Harvie M. Conn, Th.M., Litt.D.

An introduction to the theology of religions. A biblical theology of religions is developed against the background of extensive study of current models of approach. Using major religious systems as examples, five characteristics of all religions are sketched. Some practical suggestions for evangelistic approach are proposed.

TTTS588 - African Theology and Relegions (3)

Tite Tienou, Ph.D.

With the broad expansion of Christianity in Africa, the African Church and African theology should be understood by us all. This course examines Christian theological formation in Africa against the background of African cultures and religions, and in light of its contemporary context. Also considered are how to study and understand Africa, and the factors that led to the debate on Christian theologizing in Africa. Throughout the course, descriptions and analyses of African religions are provided.

Philosophy of Religion and Ethics

TTTS 591 - Exploring Approaches to Apologetics (3)

Gordon R. Lewis, Ph.D.

The course compares biblical, historical and recent approaches to defending faith in God, Christ and Scripture. It emphasizes the contrast between Peter's method of reasoning among the Jews in Jerusalem (Acts 2) and Paul's among the Gentiles in Athens (Acts 17). It compares the still influential approaches of Augustine and Aquinas. However, the bulk of the course examines six approaches of apologists who led in the resurgence of evangelicalism during the last half of the 20th century. Each approach uses different starting points and forms of argument: empirical / inductive, rational/ deductive, self-authenticating presuppositions, self-authenticating mystical experiences and hypothesis / verification. Students are encouraged to integrate the strengths of the varied approaches. The last three lectures, exhibiting the lecturer's synthesis, are entitled: Why I Believe in God, Why I Believe in Jesus Christ, and Why I Believe the Bible.

TTTS 592 - Christian Ethics: A Biblical Theology of Morality (3)

James M. Grier, Th.D.

An examination of the theories of obligation and the theories of value from a philosophical perspective. A biblical theology of obligation and a biblical theology of value are presented along with their implications for decision-making in personal life and church life.